A bank can lend $9 for every $1 dollar in deposits, effectively printing $8 dollars.

Most people are confused deliberately by the use of the term “fractional reserve banking.” The term “fractional” misleads people into thinking that banks lend a fraction of their deposits—like lend $9 for every $10 in customer deposits for a 10% fractional ratio. This is completely a misdirection—a bank can actually lend $9 electronically for every $1 in customer deposits, effectively printing $8 out of thin air. Even this 10% fractional ratio was relaxed during COVID…now profitability of the debt is the only constraint on the private electronic money printing. This infinite money is printed and then lent to the US treasury by private banks so our taxes can pay for government debt interest for money that they electronically print as private bankers.

Read more here: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/022416/why-banks-dont-need-your-money-make-loans.asp

h/t HighKingWiki